"Martin"

        In Brian Martin's "Plagiarism: A Misplaced Emphasis," he is describing the different kinds of plagiarism, what each level of writing , and what are the standards on plagiarism for each level of writing. In an education that is placed at a higher level, plagiarism is "grievous sin." In every high school and university, students are warned about the consequences of plagiarism, and teachers, whether at a high school or college level, have a way of detecting plagiarism, but there are no perfect methods of noticing plagiarism (Martin, 448). "Undoubtedly no more than a small fraction of student plagiarism is ever detected and, of that which is detected, serious penalties are imposed on only a minority of offenders," says Brian Martin, but what about community and government leaders (Martin, 448). A student may be punished for plagiarism, but what about the consequences that need to be given to our political leaders. Martin Kuther King Jr. is an example. The plagiarism that Martin Luther King Jr. committed never became a hindrance as a preacher or leader in the civil rights movements of his time. Incidents, such as these, have causes many academics and scientists to hide one's ideas because of "unscrupulous competitiors" who are willing to steal (Martin, 449). To share ideas in this world is absolutely unheard of now due to the dangers of plagiarism. Now, there is also institutionalized plagiarism. This type of plagiarism is when someone else is hired to write for another person. Institutionalized plagiarism is mostly required for the press. When it comes to a politician, sports figure, business executive or movie star, "the actual writing is done by someone else" (Martin, 450). The people that write for these specific types of people are clled ghostwriters because they are either acknowledged in small print, or not at all. Brian Martin calls this "plagiarism of authorship." There are a variety of types of ghost writing plagiarisms from honorary plagiarism which is in scientific research, and political speechwriting which refers to politicians and their speeches. 

        Many argue whether plagiarim laws should be enforced or not. Many scholars and academcs believe that it is a way for students to get ahead without working for it or without the student or person learning anything. Some think that many people plagiarize due to the fact of inexperience. Brian Martin commented that, "In many cases, plagiarism is carried out by undoubtedly talented and experienced people, as in the case of D.H. Lawrence  plagiarizing from various women." Brian Martin believes that plagiarism has been given more attention that what it truly deserves and has caused more distress and turmoil. "Most cases should be dealt with as matters of etiquette rather than "theft"" (Martin, 456).